The Department of Master's and Doctoral Studies of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University was established in 1997. In 1997-2003, the department was headed by Doctor of Sciences in Pedagogy, Professor Isa Ismayilov, in 2003-2021, Doctor of Sciences in Philology, Professor Ibrahim Bayramov. In October 2021, a structural change was made and according to the decision of the ASPU Scientific Council, the Continuing Education and Innovations Department of the university was established and continues to operate as part of the Master's and Doctorate department. From October 2021, the Department of Master's and Doctoral Studies is headed by Rashad Asad oglu Sadigov, Doctor of Philosophy in Political Sciences.

In accordance with the "Regulation on master's training (master's degree) in the multi-level education system of the Republic of Azerbaijan" approved by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated February 13, 1997, master's training has been carried out at the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University since 1997. As a continuation of the Bachelor’s level, the main goal of the department is to train highly qualified specialists in various fields and future researchers for universities.

Education in Master's degree programme was approved and carried out with the "Regulation on the preparation, presentation, defense of the Master's thesis" by the order No. 202 of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated April 20, 1998; with the "Regulation on Specialized Scientific Councils for Master's Dissertation Defense", by the order No. 742 of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated November 10, 1998; with the "Regulations on the Content, Organization of Master's Education and Awarding of "Master's" Degrees"  by Resolution No. 88 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated May 12, 2010; and with "Rules for the organization of education with the credit system at the undergraduate and graduate levels of higher education institutions" by decision No. 348 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated December 24, 2013.

The master's and doctoral department is a teaching, scientific and administrative department of Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University and carries out specialist training in a number of specialties in Azerbaijani, Russian and English sections at the master's level:

The competition for the Management (Education organization and management) specialty, which is taught in English, is conducted jointly with the Azerbaijani and Russian divisions, specialist training is carried out under the joint international program between George Washington University of the United States and Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University.

Within the framework of the SABAH Master’s degree project at ASPU, which is implemented with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the "Organization and Methodology of Training and Teaching" specialization trains specialists who acquire deep knowledge and skills starting from the 2021-2022 academic year.

Doctoral education is a training of highly qualified scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff in the Republic of Azerbaijan and carries out the obtaining of a doctorate degree. It is carried out in the programs of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Sciences and ends with the awarding of the scientific degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Sciences, indicating the fields of science. It is carried out by the Decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated July 1, 2010 No. 129 on the approval of the "Rules for the establishment of doctoral programs and admission to doctoral programs".

According to the rules, doctoral education is carried out in full-time and part-time forms. Higher educational institutions and scientific organizations that provide doctoral education also provides scientific and scientific-pedagogical staff training through dissertations. Doctoral studies are carried out at the expense of the state and (or) on a paid basis. The period of full-time study in the Doctor of Philosophy program is 3 years, part-time 4 years, dissertation 4 years. The full-time study period in the doctorate program is 4 years, part-time 5 years, dissertation 5 years.